In the wake of this century's technological boom, our daily lives have undergone a profound transformation, extending far beyond the confines of our computers and smartphones. From internet-connected vacuum cleaners to smart thermostats and even our pets' collars, automation has become a ubiquitous presence, promising increased convenience and efficiency. Yet, amidst this array of advancements, none captures as much enthusiasm as the automated trucks.
The ongoing technological evolution in this realm is not only minimizing accidents but also redefining the very nature of driving itself—rendering it safer, more comfortable, and remarkably convenient. This blog delves into the transformative potential of self-driving trucks, exploring how technological strides are reshaping the landscape of logistics.
Let’s begin!
What is an Automated Truck?
The term "automated truck" generally describes a self-driving semi-truck that can operate without human control. Currently, there are no completely autonomous 18-wheelers, as any self-driving trials involve a human observer who can intervene if needed. However, autonomy is not a simple on-off switch; it exists on a spectrum, with autonomous trucks being capable of different levels of automation. With each level, these trucks become increasingly proficient at safely navigating roads without human intervention. As per Extrapolate’s projections, the automated truck market is likely to generate revenue of $798.72 billion by 2030.
Various companies are in varying stages of growth, however, there are already trials and limited usage of autonomous vehicles in certain locations, primarily for long-distance highway transport. The key distinguishing factor between most vehicles and advanced autonomous systems lies in the monitoring mechanism. While traditional cars have relied on human drivers to monitor the surroundings, autonomous vehicles of level 3 or above utilize an array of sensors to monitor the environment.
Six Levels of Vehicle Automation
The Society of Automotive Engineers has categorized vehicle automation into six degrees, which are as follows:
- Level 0: Full manual control by the human driver.
- Level 1: The vehicle exhibits a single automated function, such as lane keeping.
- Level 2: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) manage steering and acceleration, with human oversight and intervention as needed.
- Level 3: The vehicle can handle most driving tasks through environmental monitoring, yet a human override is necessary.
- Level 4: The vehicle achieves 100% autonomy in specific scenarios, with geofencing mandatory. A human override is discretionary but not obligatory.
- Level 5: The vehicle attains 100% autonomy, requiring no human interaction or attention whatsoever.
Autonomous trucks possess advanced capabilities such as autonomous emergency braking and lane-keeping systems, which offer driver assistance during dangerous scenarios and assist in staying within designated highway lanes. However, autonomous driving encompasses more than just these features. It necessitates a comprehensive range of autonomous technologies, including sensors, cameras, and radar, to provide the truck with a clear understanding of its surroundings. Moreover, the speed and navigation of autonomous trucks are controlled by AI algorithms.
Benefits of Automated Trucks
Autonomous trucks, which are commonly referred to as automated or self-driving trucks, provide a myriad of notable advantages:
- Decreased Operational Costs: Self-driving trucks have the potential to significantly decrease operational expenses by an estimated 30% or more per mile when compared to traditional human-driven trucks. This cost reduction is primarily attributed to lower labor expenses, improved driving efficiency and range, increased fuel efficiency, and enhanced safety measures.
- Improved Safety: Automated systems in the trucking industry have the potential to greatly enhance safety by mitigating the risks associated with driver fatigue, error, recklessness, and distraction. Through their ability to intervene and improve safety measures, these automated systems can contribute to a reduction in accidents, aiming ultimately for a safer environment.
- Enhanced Driver Safety and Focus: Automated trucks can enhance driver safety by minimizing the necessity for multitasking during driving and taking care of downshifts to provide additional Jake Brake power when necessary. This has the potential to enhance drivers' braking capabilities and enable them to concentrate more on the road, thereby making a positive impact on overall road safety.
- Decreased Downtime and Increased Efficiency: Autonomous trucks offer increased efficiency in the transportation industry, enabling companies to move more freight with fewer drivers. They can operate during off-peak hours to minimize traffic congestion and eliminate the need for breaks, mitigating issues such as drowsy driving accidents.
- Economic and Environmental Impact: Autonomous trucking technology has wide-ranging effects on both the economy and the environment. This advanced technology has the potential to significantly decrease fuel consumption and minimize harmful emissions, thereby playing a role in fostering a greener and more sustainable transportation sector.
Are Automated Trucks Safe?
Autonomous vehicles, including automated trucks, have faced criticism from some individuals who express safety concerns. However, it is important to note that the technology behind these vehicles is highly advanced and ensures their safe operation.
In conducting extensive cross-country trials, industry leaders have experimented with having a driver and engineer present in self-driving semi-trucks to assume control if needed. However, it is noteworthy that in their trials, intervention was never required. Still, the pressing query persists: will the implementation of self-driving semi-trucks contribute to a positive enhancement in road safety or hinder it?
The safety features found in automated trucks are also implemented in our existing automobile production. Technologies such as collision prevention, emergency braking, adaptive cruise control, lane keeping, and autopilot can be found in various current vehicle models. These advancements are paving the way for the development of fully autonomous trucks. It is crucial to highlight that, as reported by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), human error is responsible for 94% of severe accidents.
At present, the classification of automated systems in trucks is based on a range of levels, starting from 0 where there is no automation, and progressing up to level 5, representing complete automation. Nowadays, the majority of companies are focused on developing trucks that fall within the level 3 to 4 range.
Safety experts are currently more concerned about Level 3 technology, which still requires human intervention, rather than Level 4 technology, which involves increased automation. The worry stems from the potential challenges of seamlessly transitioning from automated systems to human control in situations where the Level 3 system fails to make a decision and immediate driver intervention is necessary.
To Conclude
The future of automated trucks holds immense promise for the transportation industry. As technology continues to advance, these trucks are poised to revolutionize logistics, offering enhanced efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and safety. The ongoing development and integration of autonomous systems into trucking operations suggest a future where long-haul journeys are conducted with minimal human intervention. With the potential to reduce accidents, increase fuel efficiency, and optimize supply chain logistics, autonomous trucks are on the cusp of transforming the way goods are transported on our roads. As the industry navigates regulatory challenges and refines autonomous technologies, automated trucks will play a pivotal role in reshaping the landscape of transportation.
